Gupta empire was an Ancient empire which existed approximately from 320 to 600 CE and covered much of the Indian Subcontinent including Pakistan.[31] Founded by Maharaja Sri-Gupta, the dynasty was the model of a classical civilization.[32] The peace and prosperity created under leadership of Guptas enabled the pursuit of scientific and artistic endeavors.[33] This period is called the Golden Age of India[34] and was marked by extensive inventions and discoveries in science, technology, engineering, art, dialectic, literature, logic, mathematics, astronomy, religion and philosophy that crystallized the elements of what is generally known as Hindu culture.[35] Chandragupta I, Samudragupta, and Chandragupta II were the most notable rulers of the Gupta dynasty.[36]
The high points of this cultural creativity are magnificent architectures, sculptures and paintings.[37] The Gupta period produced scholars such as Kalidasa, Aryabhata, Varahamihira, Vishnu Sharma, Vatsyayana and Prashastapada who made great advancements in many academic fields.[38][39] Science and political administration reached new heights during the Gupta era.[40] Strong trade ties also made the region an important cultural center and set the region up as a base that would influence nearby kingdoms and regions in Burma, Sri Lanka, Malay Archipelago and Indochina.[41]
The earliest available Puranas are also thought to have been written around this period. The empire gradually declined because of many factors like the substantial loss of territory and imperial authority caused by their own erstwhile feudatories and the invasion by the Hunas from Central Asia.[42] After the collapse of the Gupta Empire in the 6th century, India was again ruled by numerous regional kingdoms. A minor line of the Gupta clan continued to rule Magadha after the disintegration of the empire. These Guptas were ultimately ousted by the Vardhana king Harsha, who established an empire in the first half of the 7th century.
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